อริยสัจจ
4 : catūsu ariya saccesu : the Four Noble Truths.
Puna
ca paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu And
again, monks, a monk dwells
Dhammesu
dhammanupassī viharati contemplating
the mental-object in the
Catūsu
ariya saccesu. mental-objects of the Four Noble
Truths.
Kathañca
pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu And,
Monks, how does a monk dwell
Dhammesu
dhammanupassī viharati, contemplating the mental-object
in the
Catūsu
ariya saccesu ? mental-objects of the Four Noble
Truths?
1
Idha bhikkhave, bhikkhu Here,
Monks, a monk knows, according to
‘Idaṃ
dukkhan’ ti yathābhūraṃ pajānāti, reality, ‘This is suffering’;
Ayaṃ
dukkhasamudayo’ ti he
knows, according to reality,’ this is the
Yathābhutaṃ
pajānāti, origin of suffering’;
Ayaṃ
dukkhanirodho’ ti he knows, according to
reality.’This is the
yathābhūtaṃ
pajānāti, cessation of suffering’;
ayaṃ
dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ ti he knows, according to reality,’
this is the
yathābhūtaṃ
pajānati. path Leading to the cessation of
suffering.’
จบภาณวารที่ 1 :
Paṭhamabhaṇavāro niṭṭhito.
ทุกขสัจจะ
Dukkhasacca nideso.
Katamañca,
bhikkhave, bhikkhu And, Monks, what is the Noble
Truth of
Dukkhaṃ
ariyasaccaṃ? Suffering?
Jātipi dukkha, jarāpi dukkha, Birth is suffering; aging is
suffering;
Maraṇampi
dukkhaṃ, death
is suffering;
Soka
parideva-dukkha- sorrow is suffering,
lamentation, pain,grief
domanassupāyāsāpi
dukkhā, and
despair are suffering;
appiyehi
sampayogo pi dukkho, association with the disliked is
suffering;
piyehi
vippayogo dukkho, separation from the
liked is suffering;
yampicchaṃ
nalabhati tampi dukkhaṃ, not to get what one wishes,
that too is suffering.
Saṅkhittena
pañcupādānakkhandhā In
brief, the five aggregates of clinging are
dukkhā. Suffering.
1 katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti? And, Monks, what is birth?
Yā
tesaṃ tesaṃ sattanaṃ tamhi The
birth of beings belonging to this or that
Tamhi
sattanikāye jati sañjāti order of beings,their being born, their
okkenti nibbatti abhinibbatti khandhānaṃ origination, their conception,
their springing
pātubhavo
āyatanānaṃ paṭilabho, into
existence, the manifestations of the aggregates,
ayaṃ
vuccati, bhkkhave, jati. The
acquisition of the sense-bases.
This,Monks,
is called birth.
2 Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jara? And, Monks what is aging?
Yā
tesaṃ tesaṃ sattanaṃ tamhi tamhi The
aging of beings belonging to this or that
sattanikāye
jarā jīraṇatā khanḍiccaṃ order
of beings, their old age, decrepitude,
pāliccaṃ
vlittacatā āyuno saṃhāni breakig of teeth, greyness of hair, wrinkling
indriyānaṃ
paripāko, , of skin, he failing of their vital force, the
wearing
Out of their sense faculties.
ayaṃ
vuccati bhkkhave, jarā. This,Monks, is
called aging.
3 Katamañca, bhikhave,maraṇaṃ? And, Monks, what is
death?
Yaṃ
tesaṃ tesaṃ sattanaṃ The
departing and vanishing of beings out of
tamhā
tamhā sattanikayā cuti cavanatā this or that order of beings,
their destruction,
bhedo
antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ appearance, dying, death, the
completion of
kālakiriyā
khandhānaṃ bhedo their life period, dissolution
of the
kaḷevarassa
nikkhepo aggregates, the discarding of
the body, the
jīvitandriyass
upacchedo, destruction
of the controlling faculty of the vital principle.
idaṃ
vuccati, bhikkhave maraṇaṃ. This,
Monks, is called death.
4 Katamo ca, bhikkhave, soko? And, Monks, what is sorrow?
Yo
kho, bhikkhave, The
sorrow of one afflicted by this or that
Aññataraññatarena
byasanena loss,touched by this
Samannāgatassa
or that painful thing,
Aññararaññatarena
the
sorrowing,
Dukkhadhammena the
sorrowful state of mind,
Phuṭṭhassa
soko socanā the
inner sorrow,
socitattaṃ
anto soko anto parisoko, the
inner deep woe.
Ayaṃ
vuccati, bhikkhave, soko. This, Monks,is called sorrow.
5 Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paridevo? And, Monks what is
lamentation ?
Yo
kho, bhikkhave, The
wailing of one afflicted by or that
Aññataraññatarena
byasanena loss, touched by this or that
Dukkhadhammena
phuṭṭhassa painful thing, lament,
ādevo
paridevo ādevanā paridevanā wailing and lamenting,
ādevitattaṃ
paridevitattaṃ, the
state of wailing and lamentation.
ayam
vucati, bhikkhave, paridevo. This,
Monks, is called lamentation.
6 Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ? And, Monks, what is
pain?
Yaṃ
kho, bhikkhave, kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ The bodily pain and bodily
unpleasantness,
Kāyikaṃ
asātaṃ kāyasamphassajaṃ the painful and unpleasant
dukkhaṃ
asātaṃ vedayitaṃ, feeling
produced by bodily contact.
Idaṃ
viccati, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ. This,
Monks, is called pain.
7
Katamañca, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ? And,
Monks, what is grief?
Yaṃ
kho, bhikkhave, cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ The
mental pain and mental unpleasantness,
cetasikaṃ asātaṃ manosamphassajaṃ the painful and unpleasant feeling produced
dukkhaṃ
asātaṃ vedayitaṃ, by
mental contact.
idaṃ
vuccati, bhikkhave domanassaṃ. This,Monks, is called grief.
8 Katamo ca, bhikkhave, upāyāso? And, Monks, what is
despair?
Yo
kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena The distress of one afflicted by
this or that
Byasanena
samannāgatassa loss,touched by this
Aññataraññatarena
dukkhadhammena or that painful thing,
phuṭṭhassa āyāso upāyāso excessive
dejection,
ayāsitattaṃ
upāyāsitattaṃ, state
of being dejected.
Ayaṃ
vuccati, bhikkhave, upayāso. This,Monks,
is called despair.
9
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, apiyehi And, Monks, what is suffering
which is
Sampayogo
kukkho? Association
with the disliked?
Idha
yassa te honti aniṭṭhā Whatever
undesirable,disagreeable, unpleasant
Akantā
amanāpā rūpā saddā objects
there arevisible,audible,odorous,
Gandhā
rasā phoṭṭabbā, testable
and tangible;
Ye
vā panassa te honti Or whoever ill-wishers tere be-
who wish
anatthakāmā
ahitakāmā, one’s
loss, harm, discomfort and non-release
from
bonds;
yā
tehi saṅgati samāgamo it is being with together with
them, coming in
samodhānaṃ
missībhāvo, contact,
fraternizing and being mixed with them,
ayaṃ
vuccati, bhikkhave, appiyehi This,monks,
is called suffering which is
sampayogo
dukkho. Association
with the disliked.
10
Katamo ca, And,Monks,
what is suffering which is
Bhikkhave,
piyehi vippayogo dukkho? Separation from the liked?
Idha
yassa te honti iṭṭhā kantā manāpā Whatever desirable,agreeale,
pleasant
rūpā
saddā gandhā rasā objects
there are – visible, audible, odorous,
phoṭṭabbā, testable and tangible;
ye
vā panassa te honti atthakāmā or
whoever well-wisheers there be- who wish
hitakāma
phāsukāmā yogakkhemakāmā, one’s welfare,
benefit, comfort and release
mātā
vā pitā vā bhātā vā bhaginī vā from
bonds, such as mothers, fathers,
mitta
vā amaccā vā ñātisālohita vā, brothers,
sisters, friends, colleagues,
relatives
or blood relations -
ya
tehi asaṅgati asamāgamo it
is not being together with them, not coming
asamodhānaṃ amissībhāvo, in
contact, not fraternizing, and not being
mixed
with them.
ayaṃ
vuccati, bhikkhave, This,
Monks, is called suffering which is
piyehi
vippayogo dukkho. Separation
from the liked.
11.Katamañca,
bhikkhave, yampicchaṃ And, Monks, what is ‘not to get
what one
na
labbati tampi dukkhaṃ?
wishes, that too is suffering?
Jātidhammanaṃ,
bhikhave, Monks,
in beings who are subject to birth,
Sattānaṃ
evaṃ icchā uppajjati – this wish arises: ‘
Aho
vata mayaṃ na ‘Oh,!
That we were not
jatidhammā
assāma, subject
to birth,
na
ca vata no jāti āgaccheyyā’ti. Oh ! that no new birth would
come to us
Na
kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, But
this cannot be got merely by wishing it.
Idampi
yampicchaṃ This
is ‘ not to get what one wishes, that too
na
labbati tampi dukkhaṃ. Is
suffering.
12
Jaradhammānaṃ, bhikkhave. Monks,
in beings who are subject to aging
Sattānaṃ
icchā uppajjati-
this wish arises:
Aho
vata mayaṃ Oh,
we were not
na jaradhamma assāma, subject to aging!
na
ca vata no jarā āgaccheyyā’ ti. Oh
that no aging would come to us!’
Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, But
this cannot be got merely by wishing it.
Idampi
yampicchaṃ Thisi
s ‘ not to get what one wishes, that too
na labbati tampi dukkhaṃ. sufferging.’
13 Byādhidhammanaṃ, bhikkhave, Monks, in beings who
are subject to
sattānaṃ
evaṃ icchā uppajjati – sickness,this wish arises:
‘Aho
vata mayaṃ Oh,
that we were not
na byādhidhamma assāma, subject to sickness!’
na
ca vata no byādhi āgaccheyyun’ti. Oh,
that no sickness would come to us!’
Na
kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, But this cannot be got merely by
wishing it.
Idampi
yampicchaṃ This
is ‘ not to get what one wishes,
na
labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. That
too is suffering’.
14
Maraṇadhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, Monks,
in beings who are subject to death,
Sattānaṃ
evaṃ icchā uppajjati – this wishe arises:
‘Aho
vata mayaṃ Oh!, that we were not
na
maraṇadhammā assāma,
subject to death!’
na
ca vata no maraṇaṃ āgaccheyyā’ ti. Oh, that no death would come to
us!
Na
kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, But
this cannot be got merely by wishing it.
Idampi
yampicchaṃ This
is not to get what one wishes,
na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. That
too is suffering.’
15 Sokaparideva-dukkha- Monks, in being who are
subject
domanassupāyāsadhammanaṃ, to sorrow-lamentation-pain-
bhikkhave,
sattānaṃ evaṃ grief-despair,
icchā
uppajjati- this wish arises:
‘
Aho vata mayaṃ na soka- Oh!,
that we were not
parideva-dukkha- subject
to sorrow-lamentation-
domanassupāyasadhamma
assāma, pain-grief-despair!’
na
ca vata no sokaparidevadukkha- Oh!
That sorrow-lamentation-
domanassu-pāyāsādhammā pain-grief-despair
āgaccheyyun’
ti.
would not come to us!’
Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, But
tis cannot be got merely by wishing it.
Idampi
yampicchaṃ This
is ‘ not to get, what one wishes,
na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. That too, is suffering!
16
Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhittena And,
Monks, what is,’ in bief, the five
Pañcupānanakkhandha
dukkhā? Aggregates of
clinging are suffering?
Seyyathīdaṃ
-rūpūpādānakkhandho, They
are, the aggregate of clinging to
material
form,
Vedanūpādānakkhandho, the
aggregate of clinging to feeling,
Saññūpādānakkhandho, the aggregate
of clinging to perception,
Saṅkhārūpādānakkhandho, the
aggregate of clinging to metal formations
Viññānūpādānakkhandho. And
the aggregate of clinging to consciousness.
Ime vuccanti,
bhikkhave, saṅkhittena This,
Monks, is called’ in bief, the five aggregate
Pañcupādānakkhandhā
dukkhā. Of clinging are suffering.’
Idaṃ
vuccati, bhikkhave, This,
Monks, is called the Noble Truth
Dukkhaṃ
ariyasaccaṃ. Of Suffering.
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